一、物主代词
数 |
人称 |
类别 |
|
|
形容词性物主代词 |
名词性物主代词 |
单数 |
第一人称 |
my |
mine |
第二人称 |
your |
yours |
第三人称 |
his |
his |
her |
hers |
its |
its |
复数 |
第一人称 |
our |
ours |
第二人称 |
yours |
yours |
第三人称 |
their |
theirs |
1.形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词,可在句中作定语。例如:
Our teacher is coming to see us. This is her pencil-box.
2.名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词,在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。
Our school is here, and theirs is there.(作主语)
I've already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? (作宾语)
--- Is this English-book yours? (作表语)
--- No. Mine is in my bag.
二、反身代词
反身代名词是[人称代名词 + self(单数)或selves(复数)构成,用来强调语意,有时表示主语的动作回到自己的身上,有强调的作用。
人称 |
单数 |
复数 |
|
主格 / 宾格 |
所有格 |
主格 / 宾格 |
所有格 |
第一人称 |
myself
(我自己) |
of my own
(我自己的) |
ourselves
(我们自己) |
of our own
(我们自己的) |
第二人称 |
yourself
(你自己) |
of your own
(你自己的)
|
yourselves
(你们自己) |
of your own
(你们自己的) |
第三人称 |
himself
(他自己) |
of his own
(他自己的) |
themselves
(他们自己) |
of their own
(他们自己的) |
herself
(她自己) |
of her own
(她自己的) |
itself
(它自己) |
of its own
(它自己的) |
反身代词可以在句中作宾语,表语,同位语。
1.作宾语,表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者,主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人。
He called himself a writer. Would you please express yourself in English?
2.作表语。
It doesn't matter. I'll be myself soon. The girl in the news is myself.
3.作主语或宾语的同位语,表示亲自或本人。
I myself washed the clothes.(=I washed the clothes myself.)(作主语同位语)
You should ask the teacher himself.(作宾语同位语)
含有反身代词的惯用语: |
与介词连用 |
by oneself
(独自) |
for oneself
(亲自,为自己) |
of myself
(自动地,自发地) |
与动词连用 |
be oneself
(处于正常状态,显得自然) |
enjoy oneself
(玩得愉快) |
help oneself to
(自己取用) |
make oneself at home
(不要客气) |
seat oneself
(坐下) |
dress oneself in
( 穿…… ) |
devote oneself to
(专心于,献身于……) |
come to oneself
(苏醒) |
find oneself in / at
(发觉自己来到) |
三、不定代词
1.both(两者都) 与 all (全部,所有的)
1)both of + 复数名词 →只用于表示“两者”,动词用复数形。
Both of Lucy and Lily agree with us.
2)all of + 复数名词 →用于表示“三者以上”,动词用复数形。
all of + 不可数名词 →动词取单数。
All of us like Mr. Pope.
All the water has been used up.
3)not~all(或all~not)(并不都)为部分否定。
2.every与each
each |
every |
1)可单独使用 |
1)不可单独使用 |
2)可做代名词、形容词 |
2)仅作形容词 |
3)着重“个别” |
3)着重“全体”,毫无例外 |
4)用于两者或两者以上中的每一个人或物 |
4)用于三者或三者以上每一个人或物 |
Each has his own book. (每个人有自己的书。)
Each pupil has his own chair. (每个学生都有他自己的椅子。)
Every student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher. (所有的学生都喜欢这个英语老师 。)
Every child likes playing. = All children like playing. (所有的孩子都喜欢玩。)
3.other, the other, another, others, the others
用法 |
代名词 |
形容词 |
|
单数 |
复数 |
单数 |
复数 |
不定 |
another
另一个 |
others
别人,其他人 |
another (boy)
另一个(男孩) |
other (boys)
其他(男孩) |
特定 |
the other
另一个 |
the others
其余那些人、物 |
the other (boy)
另一个(男孩) |
the other (boys)
其余那些(男孩) |
4.some与any
作形容词时比较:
单词 |
含义 |
用途 |
搭配 |
例句 |
some |
一些,几个 |
多用于肯定句 |
①不可数名词+单数动词
②可数名词+复数动词 |
Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library. |
any |
一些,任何 |
多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句 |
①不可数名词+单数动词
②可数名词+复数动词 |
If you have any questions, please ask me.
There isn't any orange in the bottle. Have you got any tea? |
any和some也可以作代词用,表示“一些”。any多用于疑问句或否定句中,some多用于肯定句中。
How many people can you see in the picture?
I can't see any.
If you have no money, I'll lend you some.
注意:
与some, any结合的词如something, somebody, someone, anything, anyone, anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条件句中的用法,大致和some, any的用法相同。
5.few, a few, little, a little在用法上的区别
1)用作形容词:
用法 |
表示肯定含义 |
表示否定含义 |
用于可数名词 |
a few虽少,但有几个
I'm going to buy a few apples. |
few不多,几乎没有
He has few friends. |
用于不可数名词 |
a little,虽少,但有一点
He can speak only a little Chinese. |
little不多,没有什么
They had little money with them. |
2)a little和little也可以用作副词,a little表示“有点,稍微”,little表示“很少”。
I'm a little hungry. (修饰形容词hungry)
Let him sleep a little. (修饰动词sleep) |
Mary, go a little faster, please. (修饰副词比较级)
She slept very little last night. (修饰动词sleep) |
四、疑问代词
1.what, who
一般说来,what问的是职业或地位,who问的是姓名。
—— What was her father? 她丈夫是干什么的?
—— He was a lawyer.他是律师。 |
—— Who was her father? 她爸爸是谁?
—— He was John Foebes. 他是约翰·福布斯。 |
2.what, which
which用于已知情况的选择,其后可跟of短语;what用于未知情况的疑问,其后不能跟of短语。
What fruit do you like best?
你最喜欢什么水果?
What are you looking for?
你在找什么? |
Which do you like better, oranges or apples?
你比较喜欢桔子还是苹果?
Which
of you would like to go to that island?
你们中谁乐意去那个岛? |
五、it的用法
1.作无人称代词
(1)指代天气、时间、距离、季节和自然现象等。例如:
It rains continually in the south in June.
It is a half hour's walk to the factory.
(2)指代上文中提到的无生命的东西。例如:
Where is my notebook? It was here just now.
There is air all around us, but we cannot see it.
(3)代替有生命但不能或不必分阴阳性的东西(包括婴儿)。例如:
The baby cried because it was hungry.
Someone is knocking at the door, who can it be?
2.用作强调句,构成强调结构
句型结构:It is(was)+强调部分+that。例如:
It was last night that they left for H.K.
It was I that(who) his sister in the park yesterday.
3.it作形式主语和形式宾语
it作形式主语和形式宾语是为了使句子平衡,而把真正的主语或宾语置于句子后面。例如:
I found it interesting to study English.
It is of great help to master a foreign language.
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