一、冠词 (一)不定冠词的用法 1.指人或事物的某一种类(泛指)。这是不定冠词a (an)的基本用法。如: She is a girl. I am a teacher. Please pass me an apple. 2.指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物。如: He borrowed a story-book from the library. 他从图书馆借了一本故事书。 A Wang is looking for you. 一位姓王的同志正在找你。 3.表示数量,有“一”的意思,但数的概念没有one强烈。如:I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes. 4.用于某些固定词组中。如:a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time等。 5.用在抽象名词前,表具体的介绍——a + 抽象名词,起具体化的作用。如: This little girl is a joy to her parents. 这女孩对她父母来说是一个乐趣。 It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交谈真是一件愉快的事情。 It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 参加这个会,对我来说是一种荣誉。 值得注意的是: 1.如果不定冠词后面第一个词以辅音音素开头就用a,例如:university, useless, useful, unit, uniform;以元音音素开头用an,例如:an uncle, an apple。 2.如果不定冠词后面第一个词以不发音的h开头,而h后面第一个音的音素是元音因素,就用an。例如:hour, honest。 3.如果不定冠词和名词之间有其他词,不定冠词的形式仍取决于它后面第一个词的语音形式。例如:a rich uncle, a beautiful actress。 (二)定冠词的用法: 1.特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。这是定冠词the的基本用法。如: Beijing is the capital of China. The pen on the desk is mine. 2.指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。如: Where is the teacher? Open the window, please. 3.指上文提过的人或事物(第二次出现)。如: There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms. The baby was thin. 4.用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如:the earth, the moon, the sun. 5.用在序数词和形容词最高级前。(副词最高级前的定冠词可省略)如: He is always the first to come to school. Bob is the tallest in his class. 6.用在某些专有名词前(由普通名词构成的专用名词)。如: the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Science Museum, the Children's Palace, the Party等。 7.用在一些习惯用语中。如: on the day, in the morning (afternoon, evening), the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday, the next year, by the way等。 8.用在江河湖海、山脉前。如:the Yellow River, the Pacific Ocean, the Alps, the Himalayas 9.用在报刊、杂志前。如:the People's Daily, the Evening Paper, the Times 泰晤士报。 10.表示某一家人要加定冠词。如: The Browns are at home to receive visitors today. 布朗一家今天要接待客人。 11.用在形容词前,表某一类人。如:the poor, the wounded, the living, the dead, the rich, the sick等。 12.定冠词可以表示一事物内部的某处。如: The driver always sits in the front of the bus(car). (三)零冠词(即不用冠词): 1.专用名词和不可数名词前。如:China, America, Grade One, Class Two, milk, oil, water, paper, science等。 2.名词前已有作定语用的this, that, my, your, some, any等代词。如:Go down this street. 3.复数名词表示一类人或事物时。如:We are students. / I like reading stories. 4.节日、日期、月份、季节前。如:Teachers' Day, Children's Day, National Day, in summer, in July等。 Today is New Year's Day. It is Sunday. March 8 is Women's Day. 5.在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前,尤其作表语、宾补时。如: What's the matter, Granny? We elected him monitor. 6.在某些习惯用语中的名词前。如:at noon, at night, at first, at last, at most, at least, by bus(train, air, sea), in bed, in time, in front of, go to school, go to bed, go to college, on foot, at table, in ink, in pencil等。 7.在三餐饭和球类运动前。如: She goes to school after breakfast every morning. We are going to play football. We usually have lunch at school. 8.科目前不加。如: We learn Chinese, maths, English and some other subjects. 二、数词
2.小数 |